Take a walk with us through Al Wajh Old Town, where buildings tell stories of culture, trade, community, and heritage.

Al Wajh Old Town, a gem on the Red Sea coast, stands as a vivid reminder of a bygone era, its charm rooted in the unique architectural styles that have endured for centuries. Strolling through the narrow streets, you can’t help but feel transported to a different time, where the very fabric of the buildings tells a story of cultural exchanges, craftsmanship, and adaptation to the environment.

Coral and wood: The heart of Al Wajh’s architecture

The traditional houses of Al Wajh are a masterclass in using local materials creatively and effectively. Built primarily in the early 19th century, these structures showcase a combination of coral stone and wood. The coral, harvested from the nearby sea, forms the sturdy walls of the homes, while wooden beams, often imported from places as far as India and East Africa, reinforce these coral blocks. This blend of materials creates buildings that are not only robust but also harmonious with their natural surroundings.

The use of coral stone is particularly fascinating. Each block is meticulously cut and placed, creating a textured, natural look that blends seamlessly with the coastal environment. These houses, typically two or three stories high, reflect the ingenuity of the builders who used what was available to create something beautiful and enduring. The wooden beams, embedded at regular intervals, not only add structural integrity but also a touch of warmth and sophistication to the otherwise stark coral walls.

Roshan: A window to the past

As you walk through Al Wajh, the intricate wooden Roshans catch your eye, jutting out from the facades of the old houses. These large, carved wooden bay windows are more than just architectural features; they are symbols of a time when the town was a bustling hub of trade and cultural exchange. The Roshans, often made from teak or mahogany, allow light and air to filter into the homes while ensuring privacy for the residents.

The design of the Roshans is both functional and artistic. The latticework of the wood allows the sea breeze to flow through, cooling the interiors in the hot climate. At the same time, the detailed carvings add an element of beauty and elegance to the otherwise simple structures. This blend of functionality and aesthetics is a hallmark of Al Wajh’s architectural heritage, reflecting the town’s connection to broader Islamic architectural traditions, similar to the mashrabiyas found in Cairo.

Home Layouts: Adaptation and Community

The layout of homes in Al Wajh Old Town is a lesson in how architecture can adapt to local culture and climate. Most houses are built around a central courtyard, a design that serves multiple purposes. The courtyard acts as a cooling mechanism, allowing air to circulate and keeping the interiors comfortable. It also serves as a private space for family gatherings, away from the public eye, fostering a sense of community and togetherness.

These homes, often two or three stories high, are designed to accommodate large families, with rooms arranged around the courtyard. The ground floor typically houses storage areas and sometimes small shops, while the upper floors contain the living spaces. The wooden galleries and roshans on the upper floors provide shade and allow for social interactions, making the homes both practical and welcoming.

Lime plaster and motifs: Beauty and protection

The exteriors of Al Wajh’s buildings are often coated with lime plaster, a material that serves both protective and decorative purposes. The plaster shields the coral masonry from the harsh sea salt and moisture, ensuring the longevity of the structures. But beyond its protective role, lime plaster also provides a canvas for traditional motifs and designs.

The use of lime plaster is not just about protection; it’s also about enhancing the visual appeal of the buildings. The smooth, whitewashed walls create a striking contrast with the blue of the sea and sky, while the intricate motifs add a layer of artistic expression. Prominent archways, a common element in Islamic architecture, are often adorned with these motifs, adding grace and elegance to the entrances and windows.

The entrance doors, crafted with detailed woodwork, feature Islamic motifs and geometric patterns, signaling the wealth and status of the household, while official buildings showcases more sophistication. The design, craftsmanship, and maintenance of these doors not only enhance the aesthetic appeal of the buildings but also serve functional roles in promoting air circulation and light.

Al Wajh Old Town is a living testament to the rich architectural heritage of the Red Sea region. The use of coral and wood, the distinctive Roshans, the thoughtful home layouts, and the decorative lime plaster all come together to create a town that is both historically significant and visually stunning. By cherishing this heritage, we ensure that the stories of the past continue to resonate in the present, offering a glimpse into a time when architecture was not just about building structures, but about creating homes and communities that harmonize with their environment and culture.